Cardiac Electrophysiology is the science of explaining, diagnosing, and treating the electrical activities of the heart. Studies are performed to assess complex arrhythmias, elucidate symptoms, evaluate abnormal electrocardiograms, assess risk of developing arrhythmias in the future, and design treatment. These procedures increasingly include therapeutic methods (typically radiofrequency ablation) in addition to diagnostic and prognostic procedures. Other therapeutic solutions used in this field include antiarrhythmic drug therapy and implantation of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.